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2022-12-23The large space special-shaped space frame hybrid structure is a hybrid structure system composed of different material structure systems. The upper roof often adopts a steel space frame structure system, and the lower part adopts a reinforced concrete structure system, which is a mixture of welded hollow balls and bolted balls. It is a commonly used node form in the construction of steel space frames.
For the large-scale space frame installation project, the roof of Beijing Capital Airport T3B terminal building is a large-span hyperboloid evacuated triangular-cone mixed-node space frame structure, which is similar to the roof of Zhengzhou Grand Theater. The side truss is installed first, and then the internal space frame is installed. The side truss is assembled on the ground and accepted on the ground. The crane is used for segmented hoisting and high-altitude installation. The internal curved space frame is a combination of bolt ball-bar connection and welding ball-bar connection and adopts the installation method of high-altitude splicing. Shanxi Xiaoyi Gymnasium Mixed Node Steel space frame Project adopts the method of combining high-altitude bulk accumulation lifting and space fixed. The steel structure space frame roof of Guangxi Lipu Gymnasium and the steel space frame of Nanjing Youth Olympic Sports Park indoor track and field hall adopt the high-altitude bulk method and are installed from one side to the other. The Nanning East Railway Station roof space frame steel structure project adopts the construction technology of cumulative lifting of space frame structure combined with horizontal tension. The projected area of the space frame on the roof of Zhengzhou Grand Theater is about 16,000m². The space frame adopts the structural forms of the orthogonal quadrangular pyramid, oblique quadrangular pyramid, triangular pyramid, and partial evacuation of the lower chord. A large number of welding balls are concentrated above the stage, concert hall and auditorium. It is a mixture of bolt balls and a small number of welding balls, and the overall appearance is special. When the space frame begins to install, the professional civil engineering walls and floors below have basically been formed, the traffic of large-scale hoisting equipment is blocked, the site conditions are very limited, and the installation is difficult.
In view of this, the Grand Theater adopts a reasonable selection of starting units, sets up temporary fulcrums, and gradually expands the overall route of bulk packing around; the space frame is divided into three areas: A, B, and C, and the welded ball space frame is constructed in each area first. Post-construction bolted ball net frame; modular assembly technology is adopted for the installation of bolt ball net frame; under the circumstance of a limited site and complex construction environment, full-scale scaffolding is erected to form a large-area operation platform.
2. Startingunits
The Grand Theater is generally divided into three areas: A, B, and C. According to the characteristics of the project, the flat roof space frame structure is divided into six areas for construction. One area is selected as the starting unit, and the scaffolding is erected in the order of one to six areas. Operate the platform for high-altitude bulk construction。
3. Starting unit space frame installation
Wire measure – install the support – set up a temporary support point – install the lower chord plane space frame – install the quadrangular cone of the web rod – install the upper chord – adjust, welding – support welding and inspection Install the support first, then install it. There is a space frame for the lower chord, followed by the web rod and the upper chord rod, and the positioning is measured while installing. If there is a rod in the middle that is difficult to put in, it can be adjusted with the lower chord ball of the jack and micro-top space frame. During installation, the lower chord ball should be padded to ensure that the lower chord nodes are stable and not displaced, and at the same time, use total station to measure and position each control node while installing. After the installation of the starting unit in Zone 1 is completed, the working surface can be unfolded, and other units can be assembled in bulk one after another.
4.Hybrid node construction
This space frame engineering node includes welding balls and bolt balls . The general installation principle is to weld the ball space frame first, and then construct the bolted ball space frame. When all the welded ball space frames are welded and pass the inspection, the surrounding bolted ball space frames are installed.
5.Welding ball construction
1) Putting the ball: Put the accepted solder balls into the installation node according to the specifications and numbers, and adjust the direction and position of the force at the same time. Generally, the annular weld of the horizontal centerline of the ball is placed in the equatorial direction
2) Placing rods: Arrange the prepared rods according to the specified specifications. Before placing the rod, check the specifications and dimensions of the rod, as well as the groove and weld gap, place the rod between two balls, adjust the gap, and fix it.
3) Welding: First lower the chord node, then the upper chord node, and spread welding from the middle to both sides. All welds of each node are welded for the first time and then welded for the second time to prevent the deformation of the space frame caused by stress concentration.
6. Bolt ball construction
The bolt ball part is assembled into modules in advance, and the unit module consists of two forms: one form is composed of a bolt ball, 2 upper chords, and 2 web rods; one form is a bolt ball, 2 lower chords, and Consists of 2 abdominal rods. When assembling, all bolts at the node ball of the unit module should be tightened, and the tower crane should be hoisted in place for overall assembly. Install the lower chord unit module first. After the entire row of lower chord modules is installed, install the upper chord module in the next row. After the entire row of upper chord, modules is installed, install the lower chord module in the next row, and so on alternately until the installation is complete.
7.Temporary fulcrum removal
Area A, Area B, and Area C is unloaded at the same time (the temporary fulcrum is removed) to complete the whole process. During the unloading process, use a jack to slightly lift upward at the unloading point position, cut off the steel pipe at the support point, and unload several groups of fulcrum points to descend synchronously. dismantling supports.
Deformation monitoring of the space frame is required during the demolition of the space frame fulcrum, mainly to monitor the deflection change of the space frame. After the space frame construction is completed, the space frame deformation monitoring needs to be carried out regularly. , analyze the settlement and displacement of the corresponding area, and correct it immediately when a large change is found.
8.Summarize
1) By reasonably dividing the construction area and selecting the starting unit, the working face can be unfolded in an orderly manner.
2) After the welding ball area space frame is installed, install the bolt ball space frame radiating around.
3) The unit modular assembly is adopted, which improves work efficiency.
4) Temporary point support is adopted in the installation process, which reduces the erection of a large number of supports, saves steel and reduces space frame costs.
