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2023-09-27China’s construction industry has developed rapidly in recent years, and at the same time, industry competition has become more and more fierce, the market environment has become more complex, the source of building construction materials has become wider, and the building structure has become more diversified. Steel structures are characterized by their high strength, simple manufacture, durability, The advantages of safety and reliability are widely used in the construction industry. The steel structure space frame structure can not only save space, reduce manpower and material resources, and reduce cost input, but also has important significance for ensuring construction safety and enhancing the stability and load-bearing capacity of the overall structure of the building. Therefore, how to analyze the problems existing in the construction technology of steel structure space frame according to the construction characteristics of specific construction projects, and take reasonable measures to improve the construction quality of steel structure space frame and ensure construction safety have important practical significance.
1、Problems in the construction technology of steel structure space frame
The construction of the steel structure space frame includes several processes such as the manufacture, transportation, welding and installation of the space frame. Due to the influence of various uncertain factors, there will be some problems in the construction of the space frame steel structure. Due to the influence of the frame structure’s own weight, load and construction accuracy, there is a certain gap between the installed structure configuration and the original design structure configuration, and installation errors may occur; In the process of installation, the initial bending of a single rod will change due to the influence of installation requirements, extrusion during transportation, collision, etc., especially the stable bearing capacity of the pressure rod will be weakened to a certain extent; due to the technical level and Responsibility and other reasons may cause welding quality problems and technical problems such as missing fastening screws, loose rod sleeves, and unclosed redundant ball holes; the support is an important component of the steel structure space frame, and may There will be quality problems of the support such as failing to check whether the nuts at the support are fastened in time, ignoring the inspection of the weld seam, and bearings with special functions that do not meet the required standards.
2、main construction techniques
2.1 Overall hoisting method
The overall hoisting and installation technology is widely used and is suitable for all kinds of space frame. It is more common to use this technology in space frame connected by welding. The specific operation is to lift the entire hoisting frame to the level to be installed The location of the space frame is installed by hoisting the space frame as a whole. The disadvantage of this method is that it requires a large lifting capacity and has certain limitations.
2.2 High-altitude bulk method
The high-altitude bulk method is to make full use of the steel rod parts and nodes in the steel space frame structure and the high-altitude design position to complete the connection with each other in the air, and finally form a unified whole method. There are two common types: the full support method and the cantilever method. The full support method is to complete the assembly of steel rods and nodes on the supported beam frame or divide the steel space frame into several small structures, and place them in high altitude. The method of implementing assembly. The cantilever method is completed by overhanging a part of the space frame, which improves the utilization rate of the bracket, indirectly reduces capital investment, saves costs, and improves economic benefits. It is the most commonly used installation method in space frame installation.
2.3 High-altitude sliding method
The specific operation of this installation method is: divide the steel space frame structure into many strip-shaped small structures, and then move these strip-shaped small structures from one end of the building to the other end, and place them in corresponding positions. The units are all in their designated positions and then they are assembled into a unified whole. It is worth noting that during the sliding process of small strip units, construction personnel should pay attention to the shape of the structure to remain unchanged. This installation technology is more suitable for the installation of some polygonal space frame structures. In this technology, the installation of slideways is very important. For relatively small space frame structures, slide rails can be used. For larger space frame structures, slide rails and I-beams are used for the rails and fixed by welding. On the beam, the stability of the slide rail is enhanced, so that the steel structure can slide more smoothly.
2.4、Divide into parts
Breaking the whole into parts is also called the strip or block installation method, which is to first divide the steel structure space frame into multiple strips or block-shaped small structures, and complete the assembly of each strip or block on the ground, and then use the crane These divided small structures are hoisted to the design position for assembly, and finally become a whole. This technology is completed on the ground because of the assembly of each strip or each block sheet. Compared with the high-altitude bulk method, the amount of aerial work is much reduced, and the assembly support is greatly reduced. At the same time, the existing lifting equipment It can be fully utilized and the cost can be effectively controlled. This technology is more practical for all kinds of small and medium-sized space frame that are divided into strips or block units with high rigidity, such as two-way orthogonal and vertical quadrangular pyramids, positive and evacuated quadrangular pyramids, etc.
