Advantages of indoor steel structure stadium

The gymnasium is a large public building, which not only has its characteristics in function but also differs from other buildings in structure layout, and form. A gymnasium is a building where sports games and exercises are held indoors. According to the nature of use, stadiums can be divided into three categories: competition hall, practice hall, and comprehensive hall. Generally speaking, the main indoor space of the stadium is constructed by the large-span roof structure and its supporting structure. Structural technology, to a considerable extent, affects the functional organization, spatial composition, streamline arrangement, image performance, economic efficiency, environmental creation, and many other aspects of the stadium. It is precisely because of the inherent advantages of steel structure in the construction of large-span roofs that it is widely used. Generally speaking, the indoor steel structure stadium project is more complex, and the budget will need more. However, considering the cost of design, production, installation, and maintenance, the steel structure construction of the stadium is cost-effective.

一、The development process of stadiums at home and abroad

Dating back to the construction of the Colosseum in ancient Rome, we can know that the early stadium building was no roof. With the improvement of human activity level, people began to realize to enjoy life better and avoid the suffering of the wind and sun. However, architecture is originally a place to provide services for human activities, and it is a true reflection of the level of human activities demand, so the stadium roof construction came into being. For example, in 1953, the United States completed the Montgomery Stadium, the roof structure of the use of the concrete ribbed spherical shell. With the rapid development of stadium buildings with roofs, the disadvantages of the large-span concrete roofs are increasingly prominent, especially the difficulty of construction, high cost, and the need for a large number of templates.

Therefore, with the maturity of steel structure design, a large number of steel roof structure forms began to appear and are widely used. From the early grid structure to the suspension cable structure and cable membrane structure of modern stadiums, high-tech products emerge one after another under the support of new technology, the finite element software analysis is gradually improved, and the selection of large-span roof structures is more and more diversified. The stadium roof space frame structure first appeared in Germany. The Beijing Workers’ Stadium built in 1961 used the popular spoke-type double-layer cable system, and the Shanghai Stadium was built in 1975 using the space frame structure. The development of membrane structure is also remarkable. In 1992, the Main Olympic Pavilion “Georgia Dome” was built in Atlanta, the United States, which is the largest span of cable mesh and membrane roof in the world.

Steel structure roof has obvious advantages of a lightweight, low cost, simple and convenient construction, which just makes up for the disadvantage of large volume concrete roof, and the choice of architectural space modeling is more free and changeable, unique, and novel. Sports, as a cultural activity product derived from human material and spiritual life, will continue to develop and improve with the progress of society. Stadiums and gymnasiums are the service facilities for sports activities, and their development and change are the witnesses of the development of human civilization. With the rapid development and changes in stadium construction, the architectural form and functional layout are becoming more and more free and comprehensive. The previous single-type of competition stadiums can no longer meet the demand, and modern stadiums begin to be complex and ecological. It can be seen from the current layout of stadiums and gymnasiums that multi-functional stadiums and gymnasiums often include sports venues, cultural and recreational activity centers, exhibition halls, and commercial activity venues. In the aspect of architectural ecology, the architectural design of stadiums and gymnasiums has also gradually strengthened how to make rational use of natural conditions, reduce the construction area, improve the greening rate, and emphasize sustainable development issues such as the harmonious coexistence between architecture and nature, man and nature.

In China, especially after the successful hosting of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, the Chinese government has promoted the development of sports to a higher level, and the people’s understanding of sports has become more mature. The development of undertakings of physical culture and sports inevitably leads to the vigorous development of the sports venues, combined with the sports venues and earthquake and other natural disasters occur most advantages of shelter and emergency command center, Wenchuan, ya, Yushu earthquake is very period, around the stadium is an extremely remarkable role, so sports venues should be highly valued. In short, the development process of stadiums and gymnasiums is from low level to high level, from simple to complex, from single to diverse, and from superficial to mature. It is along this track that the stadium architectural design has been developing in an orderly and rapid way towards specialization, comprehensiveness, and conscientization.

二、Therefore， The advantages of steel structure indoor stadium are as follows:

1. Good durability and large space span

The steel structure space frame itself is made of steel and has good shock resistance and thermal conductivity. The use of space frames to build stadium buildings and basketball halls can reflect the overall beauty, expand the space, facilitate disassembly and assembly, and the interior is bright and generous, and waterproof measures can be taken according to the situation. Of all the widely used building materials, none is more durable than steel. Steel is fire-resistant, light but strong, and can create a safer structure than other building materials. Steel structures are better able to withstand high winds, extreme weather, and seismic activity than wooden frames or concrete. The steel structure, after proper anti-corrosion treatment, will not rust or oxidize when exposed to moisture, and will not warp, rot or sag with the growth over time. The steel structure is very suitable for the large-span structure, and the stadium generally requires a large-span space, a wide field of vision, and no shielding.

2. Versatility

For a sports arena that needs to meet current and future needs, steel engineering has one advantage over other structures that can be easily reconfigured for new uses. Usually, steel works can be designed to allow expansion, for example by building the required stadium first and then expanding the space later. Many sports stadiums are sometimes used for concerts and other events that require open space. In addition to the main stadium, changing rooms and storage areas are required for sports facilities, which can be increased or reduced by the use of movable steel frames to increase or decrease the size and configuration of the rooms, while dividing the practice rooms and other Spaces.

3. High comprehensive benefits

The space frame material is light in quality and convenient for installation and construction. The entire construction can be completed by mainly assembling at the construction site, without professional operation skills, as long as the installation is carried out according to the drawings. Steel structure stadiums are cost-effective over their lifetime, starting with materials and assembly costs. The general prefabricated steel structure is delivered to the construction site, ready for installation of pre-perforation, complete with required fasteners, and complete assembly plan. Its advantages are short construction time, and construction noise greatly reduced. At the same time, it facilitates the execution of internal decoration in a faster and shorter time.

4. Low stadium roof maintenance cost

The maintenance of steel structures is small and minimal. Clean and inspect steel roofs regularly, and damaged panels can be easily repaired or replaced. And the peeling finish is easy to repair.

5. The space frame has good ventilation performance and a large lighting belt

After dismantling, the material of the space frame can be recycled. It has the advantages of environmental protection and sustainable use, and it also meets the environmental protection and energy reduction advocated by the country.